5mm Light Emitting Diode (LED) is an electronic component widely used in various electronic devices, and its working principle is to convert electrical energy into light energy. When using 5mm LED lamp beads, you need to choose the correct power supply, and determine the required voltage according to different LED colors and currents.

Below we will introduce in detail the working principle of 5mm LED lamp beads, common LED colors and their working voltage, and how to choose an appropriate power supply.

1. Working principle

LED is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when a forward bias voltage is passed through it. This process is called the electroluminescence effect. Its light-emitting mechanism is different from ordinary light bulbs, and it does not need to heat the wire like ordinary light bulbs, so the power consumption is very small, and it has the advantages of high efficiency, long life, and fast response.

2. LED color and working voltage

The color of an LED is determined by the bandgap energy of its semiconductor material. Here are common LED colors and their operating voltages:

1. Red LED

Red LED is one of the most common LEDs, it is mainly used for indicating and displaying devices. The working voltage range of common red LED is 1.8-2.2 volts, and the working current is about 20mA.

2. Blue LED

Blue LED is a high-brightness LED, and its main application areas include lighting, backlight, car lights, signal indicators, etc. The operating voltage range of the blue LED is 3.0-3.4 volts, and the operating current is about 20-30mA.

3. Green LED

Green LED is a low-brightness LED, and its main uses include indication, display, backlight, etc. The operating voltage range of the green LED is 2.0-3.2 volts, and the operating current is about 20-30mA.

4. Yellow LED

Yellow LED is one of the more common LEDs, and its main uses include indication and display. The operating voltage range of the yellow LED is 1.8-2.2 volts, and the operating current is about 20-30mA.

5. White LED

White LED is a kind of LED widely used in the field of lighting, and its main uses include indoor lighting, street lights, car lights, backlights, etc. The working voltage range of common white LED is 3.0-3.4 volts, and the working current is about 20-30mA.

3. Select the appropriate power supply

When using 5mm LED lamp beads, you need to choose the correct power supply to ensure its normal operation. In general, the following factors need to be considered when selecting a power supply:

1. Voltage

The working voltage range of LED is relatively narrow. If the voltage is too high, it may burn out the LED or shorten its life. Therefore, when selecting a power supply, it is necessary to determine the required voltage according to the type of LED selected.

2. Current

The rated current of the LED is usually around 20-30mA. It may also burn out the LED or shorten its life if the current is too high. Therefore, when selecting a power supply, it is necessary to ensure that the output current of the selected power supply is stable to ensure the normal operation of the LED.

3. Power

The power consumption of LED is very small, generally speaking, but in the use of high-power LED lamp beads, due to its high luminous brightness, the power consumption will increase accordingly. Therefore, when selecting a power supply, it is necessary to ensure that the selected power supply has sufficient output power to meet the working requirements of the LED.

4. Stability

LEDs have high requirements on the stability of the power supply, because an unstable power supply may cause the LED to work abnormally, or even damage the LED. Therefore, when selecting a power supply, it is necessary to ensure that it has a stable output voltage and current, and at the same time, its overload and short-circuit protection capabilities need to be considered to ensure the safe operation of the LED.

In short, when choosing an appropriate power supply, factors such as the type of LED, operating voltage and current need to be considered, and a power supply with stable output and sufficient power should be selected according to actual needs. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the quality and stability of the power supply to ensure the safe and long-life operation of the LED.